This article and interview explore the sanitary, medical, and humanitarian challenges that Palestinian refugees faced following the 1948 war in Palestine/Israel and the assistance the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was able to provide in the light of current events. In conversation with the ICRC’s Chief Protection Officer, Christian Cardon de Lichtbuer, Israeli historian Liat Kozma expounds the magnitude of similar challenges in Gaza today and the ability of humanitarian organizations to offer relief.